ozempic lawsuit

Ozempic Lawsuit – What is it About and Who Qualifies?

Legal AssistantConsumer Law, Mass Torts, Personal Injury Law

A significant development has emerged in the pharmaceutical industry, involving two major players, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly. These companies are facing a wave of lawsuits concerning their GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications, commonly used in the treatment of diabetes. GLP-1 medications, known for their efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels and aiding in weight management, have become a cornerstone in diabetes therapy. However, the rising legal challenges suggest a deeper concern about the safety and marketing practices associated with these drugs.

This article delves into the details of these lawsuits, uncovering the reasons behind the legal actions and examining the liability of the manufacturers. As the situation unfolds, understanding the intricacies of these legal battles becomes crucial, not only for those directly involved but also for the wider public who rely on such medications for their health and well-being.

Understanding GLP-1 Medications and Their Market Presence

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications represent a significant advancement in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. These drugs work by mimicking the natural hormone GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying. The result is better blood sugar control and, often, weight loss – both critical aspects in managing diabetes.

Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly are leading the market in the production of these medications. Novo Nordisk’s offerings include drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus, Saxenda and Victoza, while Eli Lilly’s portfolio features Trulicity and Mounjaro. These medications have gained widespread acclaim for their effectiveness, transforming diabetes management for many patients.

However, with the increasing adoption of GLP-1 medications, concerns have been raised about their long-term safety and the accuracy of the information provided by the manufacturers regarding potential risks. The balance between benefits and potential adverse effects is a focal point in the emerging legal battles against these pharmaceutical giants. As these drugs continue to play a pivotal role in diabetes care, the scrutiny over their safety and marketing practices becomes increasingly significant.

Rising Legal Challenges Against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly

The lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly began to surface prominently in the past few years, marking a new challenge for these pharmaceutical giants. Initially, a few isolated cases emerged, but soon, a pattern of legal action began to take shape, encompassing multiple jurisdictions and involving a significant number of plaintiffs. These lawsuits have collectively brought a spotlight on the GLP-1 class of medications, particularly focusing on specific brands like Ozempic, Mounjaro, and Rybelsus.

The core allegations in these lawsuits revolve around claims of negligence and misrepresentation by the manufacturers. Plaintiffs accuse Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly of failing to adequately test their products for long-term safety, neglecting to warn patients and healthcare providers about potential severe side effects, and misrepresenting the benefits and risks of their GLP-1 medications. These allegations suggest that the companies prioritized market dominance over patient safety, leading to adverse health outcomes for some users.

One of the primary grievances relates to severe gastrointestinal issues, including, but not limited to, the development of gastroparesis or gastroparesis-like symptoms in patients using these medications. Other allegations point to an increased risk of thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, and cardiovascular issues, which were allegedly downplayed or not fully disclosed by the manufacturers in their product information and marketing campaigns.

The legal claims are bolstered by patient testimonies, medical records, and in some cases, internal documents from the companies themselves. The number of lawsuits has been growing, indicating a widespread concern among patients and a mounting challenge for these pharmaceutical companies. The outcome of these legal battles could have far-reaching consequences, not only for Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly but also for the regulatory landscape of drug approval and monitoring.

Delving into the Legal Accusations

glp-1 drug lawsuits

The lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly are anchored on serious allegations of negligence and misrepresentation. Plaintiffs argue that these companies did not perform due diligence in testing the long-term effects of their GLP-1 medications, resulting in unforeseen adverse health consequences. A critical aspect of the allegations is the claim that both companies were aware, or should have been aware, of the potential risks but chose not to fully disclose them to the public or the medical community.

Negligence is cited in several forms, including the alleged failure to conduct comprehensive clinical trials that could have identified severe side effects, and the neglect to update healthcare providers and patients with new safety information as it became available. This purported lack of transparency is a key point in the legal arguments, suggesting that patients were not given the opportunity to make fully informed decisions about their treatment options.

Furthermore, the lawsuits claim misrepresentation of drug safety. Marketing materials, product labels, and informational brochures are scrutinized for how they presented the risks versus the benefits of these medications. Accusations include downplaying serious side effects, overstating the effectiveness of the drugs, and failing to provide clear warnings about potential health risks. These claims raise questions about the ethical marketing practices of Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly.

The evidence presented in court often includes patient medical records, expert testimonies, and internal documents from the companies. The latter are particularly damning when they suggest that the companies had knowledge of potential risks but did not act accordingly. If proven, these allegations could demonstrate a breach of the duty of care owed by pharmaceutical manufacturers to their consumers, potentially making Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly liable for damages.

Exploring Deceptive Marketing Claims

The heart of the lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly lies in the claim of deceptive marketing practices. These allegations, if substantiated, reveal a concerning pattern in how pharmaceutical companies may sometimes operate within the grey areas of marketing ethics and legal boundaries.

1. Exaggeration of Efficacy: One of the primary allegations is that both companies overstated the effectiveness of their GLP-1 medications. Marketing materials, advertisements, and promotional campaigns are said to have highlighted the benefits of these drugs in controlling diabetes and aiding weight loss, while not sufficiently emphasizing that these outcomes vary significantly among individuals. This selective portrayal could create unrealistic expectations among patients and healthcare providers.

2. Downplaying Risks and Side Effects: A critical component of the lawsuits is the accusation that Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly did not adequately communicate the potential side effects and risks associated with their GLP-1 medications. This includes not only common adverse reactions but also more severe complications that might arise from long-term use or interactions with other medications. Failure to provide comprehensive risk information compromises patient safety and informed consent.

3. Misleading Advertising and Promotional Tactics: The lawsuits also scrutinize the advertising strategies used by these companies. Allegations include the use of misleading language, selective quoting of clinical studies, and the promotion of off-label uses without sufficient scientific backing. Such tactics can mislead not only the general public but also healthcare professionals, influencing prescribing behaviors.

4. Targeting Vulnerable Consumer Groups: Another point of contention is the targeting of specific consumer groups, such as those struggling with obesity, without full disclosure of the limitations and suitability of these medications for their condition. This practice raises ethical questions about exploiting vulnerable individuals’ needs and concerns for profit.

5. Influence on Healthcare Providers: There are also claims that these companies might have unduly influenced healthcare providers through incentivized promotions, potentially skewing the unbiased medical judgment in favor of their products.

The impact of these alleged deceptive practices is far-reaching. It not only affects individual patients who might have been misled but also undermines the trust in the healthcare system. It leads to a situation where treatment decisions might be based on skewed information, thereby compromising patient health and safety.

ozempic lawsuit deceptive marketing practices

Navigating the Legal Terrain: Understanding the Basis for Liability

The lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly for their alleged deceptive marketing practices of GLP-1 medications are grounded in several legal principles. These principles are essential to understanding the potential liability of the manufacturers and the possible outcomes of the legal proceedings.

1. Violation of Consumer Protection Laws: At the core of these lawsuits is the assertion that the companies violated consumer protection laws. These laws are designed to safeguard the public from unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent business practices. By allegedly misrepresenting the efficacy and risks of their products, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly could be seen as having engaged in deceptive practices that misled consumers and healthcare providers, a violation that could result in significant penalties and mandates for corrective actions.

2. Breach of Pharmaceutical Marketing Regulations: Pharmaceutical companies are bound by strict regulations regarding how they can market their products. These regulations require transparent communication about a drug’s benefits and risks. The lawsuits claim that Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly breached these regulations by allegedly providing incomplete or biased information about their GLP-1 medications.

3. Accountability for Patient Safety: The legal actions also emphasize the responsibility of pharmaceutical companies to prioritize patient safety. This includes providing comprehensive information about a drug’s potential side effects and interactions. Failure to do so could be construed as negligence, making the manufacturers liable for any harm caused to patients due to inadequate information or misleading marketing.

4. Financial Compensation and Corrective Measures: Plaintiffs in these lawsuits are seeking financial compensation for damages suffered due to the alleged deceptive practices. Furthermore, they are calling for corrective measures, such as changes in marketing practices and more stringent monitoring of pharmaceutical advertising.

The outcome of these lawsuits could have significant implications for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, and the pharmaceutical industry at large. It could lead to more stringent regulations on drug marketing and enhanced scrutiny of pharmaceutical advertising practices, setting a precedent for transparency and ethical marketing in the healthcare sector.

Who Qualifies for the Ozempic Lawsuit?

The lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly are more than legal battles; they represent the struggles and pain of patients who allegedly suffered adverse effects from GLP-1 medications. These individual stories paint a vivid picture of the potential human cost associated with pharmaceutical negligence and misrepresentation. Patients have reported severe and debilitating symptoms, including extreme gastrointestinal distress, unexplained pancreatitis, and other serious health complications, which they attribute to their use of these medications.

The implications of these lawsuits extend beyond the individuals involved, impacting the broader healthcare system and patient trust. If the allegations are proven true, it could lead to increased scrutiny of pharmaceutical companies and their practices. This situation raises important questions about the drug approval process, the rigor of clinical trials, and the adequacy of post-marketing surveillance in identifying long-term drug safety issues.

Currently, individuals who suffered extreme side effects after taking Ozempic or other GLP-1 medications that caused at least overnight hospitalization can participate in the lawsuit.  The most common severe side effects that are cited in the lawsuit are:

  • Severe cyclic vomiting
  • Gastroparesis or stomach paralysis
  • Bowel or intestinal blockage
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  • Ileus
  • Pancreatitis

Reflecting on the Implications and Future Directions

The lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly regarding the marketing of GLP-1 medications highlight critical issues within pharmaceutical marketing and consumer protection. These legal challenges serve as a crucial reminder of the ethical responsibilities that pharmaceutical companies hold towards their consumers and the healthcare community.

The outcomes of these cases could potentially reshape marketing practices, enforce greater transparency, and reinforce the importance of accurate information dissemination in the healthcare industry. As these legal battles progress, they will undoubtedly contribute to a broader discussion on the balance between corporate interests, patient safety, and the integrity of healthcare practices.

Who Are the Best Lawyers in Houston in 2021

Who Are the Best Lawyers in Houston in 2023

Legal AssistantCriminal Law, Family Law, Personal Injury Lawyers, Resources

You don’t always need an attorney for every legal matter you encounter. Going to small claims court and handling a speeding ticket are two prime examples of instances where representing yourself in court works just as well.

There are, however, certain situations where going it alone could do more harm than good. Legal representation can help get you out of sticky situations such as a DWI violation, an ugly divorce, or even fighting criminal charges.

You never know when you’ll need an attorney until you need one. With that in mind, we’ve put together a comprehensive list of the best lawyers in Houston in 2023.

Best Lawyer in Houston for Car Accidents

If you were injured in a car accident or suffered property damage as a result, it might be a good idea to retain the services of a car accident attorney.

Regardless of whether you’re lodging a full-blown lawsuit against the offending party or looking to file a claim with the insurance company, it’s always a good idea to get the best car accident lawyer in Houston to help.

Here’s what they can do for you:

  • Collect the required evidence to prove liability
  • Communicate with the at-fault driver’s insurance company
  • Communicate with your healthcare provider on matters related to missing records
  • Work closely with your doctors to ensure they provide the medical information necessary to prove damages in your claim
  • Negotiate a satisfactory settlement with the at-fault driver’s defense attorney and/or insurance adjuster
communicating-lawyer

Top-Rated Car Accident Lawyer

Andrew CobosThe Cobos Law Firm
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Best Malpractice Lawyer in Houston

Medical malpractice occurs when a patient suffers harm or injury at the hands of a doctor or any other medical professional who fails to competently perform their duties.

Several different situations can lead to malpractice claims. Most of them generally fall into any one of the following categories:

  • Failure to diagnose – This occurs when a doctor fails to discover their patient’s illness in time or makes a wrong diagnosis, which then causes their health condition to deteriorate
  • Improper treatment – This occurs in one of two ways: (1) The doctor administers a treatment regimen that no competent medical practitioner would; or (2) The doctor uses the correct treatment on the patient but administers it incompetently
  • Failure to warn the patient of known risks of a procedure – This occurs when a doctor fails in their duty of informed consent. As a result, the patient goes through with a procedure they would have otherwise never agreed to had they understood all the risks involved

A malpractice attorney would be able to sue for damages on your behalf by proving that:

  1. A doctor-patient relationship existed between you and the physician you’re suing
  2. The doctor acted negligently with regards to your diagnosis and/or treatment
  3. You suffered injury or harm as a result of said negligence

If you lost a loved one to COVID-19 as a result of the negligent actions of a healthcare facility or medical practitioner, you might be entitled to significant compensation.

Top-Rated Malpractice Lawyer

Robert W. PainterPainter Law Firm PLLC
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Best Divorce Attorney in Houston

If you and your spouse decide to dissolve your marriage, one of the first things you need to figure out is whether to involve a lawyer. The answer to this depends on your specific situation.

The general rule of thumb is – the less you rely on the courts to resolve your issues, the smoother the entire process will be. Here are some of the situations where you’ll need to retain the services of a divorce lawyer.

  • There are children involved
  • There are complex financial issues
  • There’s a problem with abuse
  • You believe your spouse is being vindictive or lying about certain issues
  • Your spouse has retained an attorney

An experienced divorce lawyer can help you by:

  • Accompanying you to your divorce hearings, especially if your case requires that you have an attorney present
  • Attending mediation on your behalf
  • Drafting your divorce agreement in a format that’s acceptable to the court
  • Filing the divorce on your behalf
  • Giving you advice on what a fair settlement looks like

Top-Rated Divorce Lawyer

Charles SandersRose Sanders Law Firm
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Best Criminal Lawyer in Houston

Given how complex the criminal justice system is, you need a defense attorney to serve as your confidant, protector, and guide.

Their duties towards their clients include:

  • Analyzing the evidence to identify weaknesses in the prosecutor’s case
  • Conducting investigations on the circumstances surrounding the alleged crime
  • Crafting a solid defense strategy to get the best possible outcome
  • Litigating the case at trial
  • Negotiating a plea deal with state or federal prosecutors for reduced charges, sentences, or bail
  • Questioning and examining the witnesses
  • Researching the facts of the case
  • Reviewing search and seizure procedures used to garner evidence against their client

Top-Rated Criminal Defense Lawyer

Tyrone C. Moncriffe Tyrone C. Moncriffe & Associates
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Best DWI Lawyer in Houston

Driving while intoxicated is considered a crime in Texas and all other states across the country. As a result, DWI charges are usually handled in criminal court and usually carry severe penalties if a conviction occurs. You, therefore, need to retain an attorney who will help protect your rights.

Lawyers who specialize in DWI cases have in-depth knowledge of the laws surrounding them and the most effective defense strategies to get you satisfactory results. They are likely to get you a good plea bargain or even get your charges dismissed altogether.

They can also go to court on your behalf for routine appearances, so you don’t have to take time off work every time you have a court date.

Top-Rated DWI Lawyer

George A. NapierThe Napier Law Firm, PLLC
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Best Bankruptcy Lawyer Houston

While it is possible to file for bankruptcy on your own, representing yourself in court could be counterintuitive if you’re trying to save on attorney’s fees. The biggest benefit of bringing an experienced bankruptcy lawyer on board is that they can quickly identify any potential speed-bumps in your case and plan accordingly.

They might even provide suitable alternatives to bankruptcy that will give you the financial peace of mind you crave. If there are no viable options, they are better placed to help you decide between filing Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy, depending on your goals.

Top-Rated Bankruptcy Lawyer

Rick GuerraGuerra Days Law Group
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What You Need to Know About RV Warranty Laws

Legal AssistantConsumer Law

According to data from the RV Industry Association, more than 11 million households in the United States own a recreational vehicle or RV. Contrary to popular belief, RV owners are getting younger, with individuals aged 48 years and below accounting for more than 50 percent of the overall ownership rates.

The surge in RV ownership in recent years has come with its fair share of drawbacks associated with expensive auto purchases – everything from a leaky roof or flimsy fridge to faulty components like engine failure. While these may sound like different issues, they are all covered under RV warranty laws. This article explores everything you need to know about what RV warranties cover.

What Does RV Warranty Cover?

There are generally two types of recreational vehicle warranties. Each covers different types of RVs and different things within the vehicle. Below is a detailed overview of how they work.

RV Manufacturer’s Warranty

Warranties that fall in this category are issued for new RVs. They vary in duration depending on the specific brand. Depending on the manufacturer, you could be looking at anywhere between 1 and 3 years or up to a predetermined mileage. RV manufacturer warranties may also come in the form of a structural warranty, limited warranty, or more.

Most of the warranties that fall in this category will cover an RV for one year, end to end. This means you can ride around in it with the peace of mind that the manufacturer’s RV warranty covers everything from the appliances within to the frame of your vehicle should any of them malfunction during this period.

Manufacturer Warranty Law

This branch of law is governed by the provisions of the FTC rules, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, and the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). These laws cover the implied or express guarantee of a product’s quality and reliability as provided by the seller.

If the product in question, which in this case would be the RV, fails to perform as described or breaks down, then it is deemed to have failed to meet the requirements of the warranty.

Under warranty, the buyer may be able to have the item repaired at no additional cost to them, return the item and receive a full refund on the purchase, or receive a replacement.

RV Extended Warranty

An extended warranty is offered to a buyer after their initial purchase and at an additional cost. It is usually good to get an extended warranty when buying a used RV or as a backup when your original manufacturer’s warranty expires.

If your RV runs into unexpected electrical or mechanical issues, these would be covered under an extended warranty if the manufacturer’s warranty is no longer valid. These can include anything from the costs incurred for replacing appliances, repairing faulty parts, engines, slide-outs, and more.

There are two principal types of extended RV warranties.

1. Exclusionary Warranty

This type of extended warranty provides significant coverage. Exclusionary warranties cover every type of mechanical and electrical failure that may occur except for anything listed under the exclusions as detailed in the terms and conditions of the contract.

If you’re looking for an extended warranty for your RV, an exclusionary policy would be your best bet for peace of mind. They provide the most comprehensive form of coverage.

2. Inclusionary Warranty

These types of extended warranties cover specific things detailed in the contract. For this reason, inclusionary extended RV warranties offer lower coverage compared to their exclusionary counterparts.

Are RV Extended Warranties Worth It?

There’s no right or wrong answer for this. It all comes down to whether or not you believe it is worth the investment. If you tend to do a lot of DIY repairs and maintenance work and generally know your way around your RV, then spending the extra bucks for an extended warranty may not be worth it, in your opinion.

On the other hand, if you’re not that “self-insured” and wouldn’t know where to start if something malfunctioned in your RV, you’re better off getting a comprehensive extended warranty for peace of mind.

As mentioned earlier, most manufacturers’ warranties expire after 1-3 years, depending, of course, on the brand. Rather than leave yourself exposed to risk, getting an extended warranty will save you from having to pay for the repairs out of pocket.

Things That Are Covered Under RV Warranties

Most RV warranties cover the normal failure of RV components under what would be defined as “normal conditions.” It’s important to keep in mind that there are certain activities that may invalidate it under RV warranty laws, such as misuse. This, however, will usually be stipulated in the terms and conditions of the warranty.

Your standard RV warranty will cover the mechanical components of your RV that, with extended use, will inevitably fail over time. Failing water heaters, water pumps, generators, awning motors, and RV steps are a few examples of some of the mechanical parts that would be covered under a comprehensive RV warranty.

These warranties also extend coverage to larger items that malfunction. Things like hydraulic or electric slides, leveling jacks, and even major parts like the engine and transmission would also be covered under an RV warranty. Always read the terms of your contract to confirm which items are covered under your specific policy. For instance, if an RV tire warranty is a must-have for you, check to see that it is included in the comprehensive policy.

Things That Are Not Covered Under RV Warranties

Now that you know what a standard RV warranty covers, it’s important to know what most warranties don’t cover.

Right off the bat, an RV warranty is not a replacement for RV insurance. If you end up clipping a tree as you back out of the campground or are involved in a wreck, that’s not covered under your RV warranty. Your insurance policy should take care of that.

The same thing applies if the air conditioner on your roof doesn’t make it through the bridge clearance and ends up getting ripped off your RV. That’s also an insurance concern.

Keep in mind as well that having an RV warranty isn’t a license to neglect basic RV maintenance. If the mechanical or electrical components malfunction as a result of failing to do the minimum required amount of maintenance, it might void your warranty.

The company issuing the warranty coverage may need to see the service technician’s notes indicating how frequently maintenance had been carried out on the vehicle.

State Lemon Laws

white and green rv van in the desert during day time

For most people, purchasing an RV might be the single largest investment they’ll ever make in their lifetime. Whether you buy a travel trailer, 5th wheel trailer, motorhome, or any other type of RV, there’s always the risk that you might end up with a lemon on your hands.

We have it on good authority that thousands of RVs purchased every year in the United States turn out to be defective. If someone sold you a faulty RV, state and federal lemon laws could provide legal recourse to help protect your investment.

It’s important to mention at this point that there are states with RV lemon laws and states that don’t cover recreational vehicles or motorhomes. Ensure you familiarize yourself with your state’s lemon laws and determine whether the law covers your defective purchase.

With that in mind, what exactly qualifies as a “lemon” as far as RV laws go? Below is a list of the basic criteria an RV needs to meet to be considered a lemon.

  • The RV should still be covered under warranty but has gone through two unsuccessful attempts to resolve the issue (the number of attempts may vary by state).
  • The fault should have rendered the RV unable to drive, and its market value should have decreased significantly as a result.
  • The RV should have started displaying issues related to the fault within the first 18,000 miles or 18 months of use.

If any of the scenarios outlined above apply to your current RV situation, you are covered under RV lemon law if your state has it. If your state does have a lemon law, it might have restrictions on the number of attempts made to fix the fault, the number of days the RV was out of service, and the weight.

For instance, the lemon laws in Arkansas, California, and Delaware only apply to issues with the chassis. Florida lemon law requires the owner to have made at least four unsuccessful attempts at repair, and the RV needs to have been out of service for at least 60 days. North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Wyoming lemon laws also have weight restrictions on RVs that can be considered lemons.

Federal RV Lemon Law Statute

If you believe that you purchased a lemon and the lemon law in your state excludes recreational vehicles, you can still pursue legal action against the seller under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. The federal law, which was enacted in 1975, is designed to govern consumer product warranties.

The Act’s provisions compel manufacturers and retailers of consumer goods to give customers clear, concise, and detailed information on warranty coverage. If the manufacturer of your RV fails to honor the written warranty, the federal lemon law exists to protect you from losing your investment.

According to the Act’s provisions, the manufacturer should be given ample opportunity to remedy the situation. You’ll need to take your RV to them or an authorized dealer and allow them to repair the issue. Ensure that you keep detailed records of your complaints and the duration the RV was out of service.

All communications should be in the form of written correspondence between you and the manufacturer or dealer. That way, if the issue persists even after the required number of repair attempts have been made, you’ll have documented proof to back your claim.

If, after multiple repair attempts, the issue problem fails to resolve, get in touch with a lemon law attorney and discuss the options available to you for legal remedy.

Keystone RV Class Action Lawsuit

A proposed class-action suit names Keystone RV Company, LLC. as the defendant in a case alleging that the RV manufacturer failed to adequately warn consumers of the potential harm extended occupancy of its RVs posed. The plaintiffs in the suit allege that they bought the recreational vehicles with the intention of living in them full-time but later began to suffer from what they term “serious respiratory problems.”

The class-action suit cites the lack of proper air circulation and the presence of formaldehyde and other dangerous chemicals as the reason behind the emergence of toxic mildew and mold inside the RVs.

One of the plaintiffs in the lawsuit alleges that she and her spouse bought an RV from Keystone, which later developed black mold due to the high moisture levels in the recreational vehicle.

She further alleged that their respiratory conditions were aggravated when spending time inside the RV. Their health issues continued to deteriorate over time, and, as a result, they had no choice but to rent an apartment whose cost was beyond anything they could comfortably afford.

Court documents indicate that all her efforts to reach Keystone RV and get them to resolve the issues hit a snag. Her husband died from Obstructive Pulmonary disease a year after they purchased the RV. The plaintiff alleges that her husband’s respiratory condition was aggravated by the hazardous living conditions inside the vehicle.

Two of the other complainants in the suit brought forth similar allegations, describing higher-than-average moisture levels in the RV. One ended up getting hospitalized after suffering two bouts of pneumonia, and the other was left paying for four months’ worth of repair work resulting from the damage caused by the excessive moisture in the RV.

Need more legal advice? Chat with a Laws101 attorney online right now.

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What Is a Homestead Exemption?

Legal AssistantResources, Tax Law

The homestead exemption is a provision in law designed to protect an individual’s principal residence from creditors following the declaration of bankruptcy or the homeowner’s death.

The amount of equity the exemption can cover depends on several factors, including whether the homeowner is current on their mortgage, the type of homestead exemption available to them, and the amount of equity they hold in the home.

What is a homestead exemption, and how does it work? Here’s everything you need to know.

How Does Homestead Exemption Work

Right off the bat, it’s important to understand the circumstances in which a homestead exemption would kick in. If you have a mortgage on your home and the value of your property is higher than the outstanding balance or any other liens on it, then you have equity. The value of this equity is deemed an asset in bankruptcy. A Chapter 7 trustee may have the authority to sell your property and use the equity to settle the outstanding monies owed to creditors.

How Much Does a Homestead Exemption Save

The homestead provision lets you exempt a certain portion of that equity and protect it from creditors in a bankruptcy filing. For instance, suppose you own a home valued at $150,000 and have a mortgage worth $100,000. It means you have $50,000 worth of equity in your home.

Depending on the laws in the state you reside in, the homestead exemption may or may not protect your home from a bankruptcy trustee. If you live in a state where the homestead exemption is capped at $70,000, your equity is protected, and a Chapter 7 trustee can’t go after it.

On the other hand, if your state laws cap the homestead exemption amount at $20,000, a bankrupt trustee can go after your home and sell it to pay off your debts. Once the sale goes through, you will only be entitled to $20,000 from the proceeds. The rest of the money will be used to pay off the unpaid balance on your mortgage, amounts due to creditors, and the trustee’s fee.

Who Qualifies for Homestead Exemption

The qualifying criterion for a homestead exemption varies by state. The one requirement that’s the same across the board is that the home in question needs to be your primary residence. To be eligible, you must show that you lived on that property before January 1 to get an exemption that year.

Some states have a homestead exemption available to everyone, while others limit it to individuals that meet specific eligibility requirements. These criteria may include income requirements, age, occupation, or disability.

For instance, in some states, low-income earners, senior citizens aged 62 years and above, former military servicemen, veterans, or people living with a disability may qualify for a homestead exemption.

Additionally, the surviving spouses of deceased or disabled US service members, firefighters, or veterans who have not remarried may also qualify for generous homestead exemptions for the full value of their homes.

Homestead Exemption Exclusions

It is worth noting that if you’re facing foreclosure or behind on your mortgage payments, a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing won’t help you keep your home the same way a Chapter 13 filing would. As a result, a homestead exemption won’t help you in such a scenario. Here’s why.

When you file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, all your qualifying debts get discharged, mortgage included. While you won’t be liable for the amount due on it, the lender will still have a lien on your property since Chapter 7 bankruptcy does not remove mortgage-related liens.

As a result, if you stop paying your mortgage and end up being in arrears, the lender is still within the legal confines of the law to put your property in foreclosure. A homestead exemption will not apply in such a scenario.

Keep in mind as well that if you have been convicted of certain crimes such as bankruptcy fraud, federal law caps the amount you would otherwise be entitled to at $189,050. This provision only applies to cases filed between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2025.

How to File for Homestead Exemption

The filing procedure may vary depending on the state you live in. Most states require you to fill out a homestead exemption application, usually available at the County or State Tax Office. Get in touch with the tax assessor’s or tax commissioner’s office in your jurisdiction for information on the documentation required and the application deadlines.

It’s important to note that the application is free. If you come across a website requesting you to make a payment before you can fill out the application, the site in question is fraudulent.

How Long Does Homestead Exemption Last

You will typically apply for a homestead exemption through the county tax assessor’s office once. Once you go through the process and your application is approved, the exemption automatically rolls over each year, provided that you meet the underlying eligibility requirements.

Some states allow you to vacate your home temporarily as long as you don’t declare a primary residence in a different location.

Homestead Exemptions by State

Below is a list of states with the homestead exemption provision and the maximum amounts in equity homeowners can exempt.

  • Arizona – Up to $150,000
  • California – Up to $600,000 and $31,950 under System 1 and System 2 homeowners respectively
  • Colorado – Up to $75,000 and $105,000 for disabled homeowners or those aged 60 years or older
  • Florida – Unlimited exemption for properties no more than 0.5 acres in a municipality and no more than 160 acres elsewhere in the state
  • Georgia – Up to $21,500
  • Illinois – Up to $15,000
  • Kansas – Unlimited
  • Louisiana – Up to $35,000
  • Michigan – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption, $40,475 under the state system, and $60,725 for homeowners aged 65 years or older or those with a disability
  • Mississippi – Up to $75,000
  • New York – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption, $89,975-$179,950 under the state system
  • North Carolina – Up to $35,000 or $60,000 for homeowners aged 65 years or older
  • Oklahoma – Unlimited exemption
  • Oregon – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption and $40,000-$50,000 under the state system
  • Tennessee – Up to $5,000, $7,500 for spouses filing jointly, $25,000 for homeowners with minor dependents, $12,500 for individuals aged 62 years or older, $20,000 if one spouse is older than 62 while the other is younger than 62, and $25,000 if both spouses are 62 years or older
  • Texas – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption and unlimited exemption under the state system
  • Utah – Up to $43,300 and up to $5,000 for any other property that isn’t an individual’s primary residence
  • Vermont – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption and $125,000 under the state system
  • Virginia – Up to $25,000
  • Washington – Up to $27,900 under the federal exemption and $172,900-$729,600 under the state system

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aiding and abetting featured image

What Is Aiding and Abetting?

Legal AssistantCriminal Law

Tom and Dick are friends. Tom works in a bank. Dick has been in and out of prison for the last couple of years. Dick wants to make some quick bucks and asks Tom to draw him a bank floor plan. Tom knows that Dick’s intention is to rob the bank but gets him the blueprint anyway.

One week later, Dick breaks into the bank and empties the safe. He takes the money to Harry’s house for safekeeping.

Both Tom and Harry are just as culpable as Dick and can be charged with aiding and abetting. What does aiding and abetting a crime mean? How is it different from an accessory charge? Here’s everything you need to know.

Aid and Abet Meaning

The terms “aiding” and “abetting” are often used interchangeably in everyday speech. While the two legal concepts are somewhat similar, they don’t mean the same thing.

Aiding a crime means that you’re helping someone else commit a criminal act. You’re actively involved in its execution.

On the other hand, abetting a crime means that you’re inciting or encouraging someone to commit a criminal act. You don’t necessarily have to be involved in its execution.

Aiding and abetting are different types of accomplice liability. If you’re found guilty, you will face the same penalty as the underlying crime.

Keep in mind that while the crime itself is usually referred to as “aiding and abetting,” either of the two offenses applies. An individual is liable if they “aid” in a crime or “abet” in it.

What Does “Aiding” a Crime Mean

If you intentionally help someone else commit a crime, then you’re “aiding” them. For you to be culpable, the crime in question actually needs to be committed, and your assistance needs to be a critical part of the commission of the offense.

Two elements are involved for someone to be charged with aiding a crime:

  1. You must be aware that the individual you’re helping is going to commit a crime, and
  2. You must act voluntarily to help them commit it.

You don’t physically have to be present at the time the crime is committed. You would still be liable even if you were not there. In our earlier example, Tom would still be liable for giving Dick the floor plan even if he was not physically there at the time the robbery plan was executed.

What Does “Abetting” a Crime Mean

Abetting a crime means inciting, encouraging, or supporting its commission. Support could be in the form of active instigation or passive incitement. If you are or become aware of an offense or are present at the time the crime is committed and don’t do anything to alert the authorities, you could be charged with abetting.

Abetting comes in several forms, including:

  • Telling someone to commit a crime
  • Hiring someone to commit a crime
  • Not stopping someone from committing a crime if you have a legal responsibility to do so

Some states have different names for the charge, such as:

  • Advice
  • Counsel
  • Encourage
  • Induce

It’s worth noting that for an abetting charge to stick, the “shared intent” to commit an offense with the perpetrators needs to be clear. In our earlier example, suppose Harry was aware of Dick’s plans to Rob the bank before the crime was actually committed. By not doing anything to stop Dick or even alert the authorities in advance, Harry can be charged with abetting.

What Is an Accessory to a Crime? Accessory vs Aiding and Abetting

Here’s what we know so far. Aiding is “helping” someone commit a crime. Abetting is actively or passively “supporting” or “encouraging” someone to commit a crime.

The person who commits the crime in question is referred to as the principal. An accessory is someone who aids or abets the principal in the commission of a crime – in other words, an accomplice.

Depending on state law, the terms “before the fact” and “after the fact” can be used to establish the point at which assistance was provided. If you aided and abetted the principal before the crime was committed, you would be an accessory before the fact. On the other hand, if you aided and abetted the principal after the commission of the crime, you would be an accessory after the fact.

In our earlier example, Harry became an accomplice to the crime the moment he allowed Dick to keep the stolen cash in his house. He would be considered an accessory after the fact, even if he did not know of Dick’s intention to rob the bank.

Aiding and Abetting Examples

Below are a few scenarios that would fall in the realm of an aiding-and-abetting crime:

  • Acting as the “getaway driver” during the commission of a crime
  • Acting as the “lookout” during the commission of a crime
  • Actively or passively helping the principal commit the crime
  • Actively or passively inciting someone to commit a crime, whether or not you’re directly involved in its execution
  • Providing information or equipment to a third party knowing that it will be used to commit a crime

The case of the Alabama corrections officer and inmate who were on the run is another such instance of an aiding and abetting crime. Vicky White – who was a corrections officer before her death-by-suicide – aided and abetted Casey White – an inmate who had been serving a 75-year sentence at the Lauderdale County jail – escape from prison custody.

What Is the Punishment for Aiding and Abetting

According to the aiding and abetting sentencing guidelines in most states, an individual convicted of these charges will face the same penalties as the principal perpetrator. Some states are more lenient when it comes to misdemeanor crimes, resulting in a year or so behind bars or getting fined a few thousand dollars. On the other hand, aiding and abetting a felony crime carries far more severe consequences.

If you’re facing an aiding and abetting charge, knowing what to say and do at the early stages could be the difference between getting convicted and acquitted. Chat online with a Laws101 attorney right now to explore your options.

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What Are Economic Sanctions and Are They Legal?

Legal AssistantInternational Law

Governments worldwide and multinational organizations use economic sanctions as their weapon of choice when responding to major geopolitical changes such as terrorism and war. It is usually done in response to state and non-state actors perceived as threats to their interests or those in violation of international norms.

Economic sanctions have been used as the go-to tool for the west in response to geopolitical challenges, most notable of which is Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and North Korea’s nuclear program.

The United States, in particular, has repeatedly used the strategy against its adversaries in Syria, Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. What are economic sanctions, and are they legal? This article explores everything you need to know.

What Are Economic Sanctions?

An economic sanction is defined as a country or organization withdrawing customary trade and financial relations for security and foreign policy purposes. Economic sanctions may be targeted whereby transactions with and by particular groups, individuals, or businesses are blocked, or comprehensive where all commercial activities involving an entire country are prohibited.

Since 9/11, the US has had a defined shift toward targeted economic sanctions, also referred to as “smart” sanctions. This strategy aims to minimize the negative impact that innocent civilians are subjected to by their respective governments.

There are several types of economic sanctions, including trade restrictions, foreign aid reductions, capital restraints, arms embargoes, asset freezes, travel bans, and so forth. It is worth noting that general export controls are often left out of sanctions discussions. Unlike the others listed, these sanctions are not considered punitive.

When Are Economic Sanctions Used?

National governments and international organizations such as the European Union and the United Nations often impose economic sanctions in an effort to deter, coerce, shame, or punish entities or governments that pose a threat to their interests or violate what would be deemed accepted international norms of behavior.

They are often used as a means of advancing a wide range of foreign policy objectives, some of which include counterterrorism, democracy, non-proliferation, counter-narcotics, promotion of human rights, conflict resolution, and, in some cases, cyber-security.

Sanctions lie somewhere between war and diplomacy, both of which are at opposite ends of the spectrum. They are considered a lower-risk and lower-cost course of action when intervening in or responding to foreign crises when the national interest doesn’t meet the threshold required for military action.

That said, it is not unusual for leaders to issue economic sanctions on foreign governments while evaluating more punitive measures. This strategy was employed in August 1990 when the UN Security Council imposed comprehensive economic sanctions on Iraq nearly four days after Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. It wasn’t until a few months later that the Security Council authorized the use of military force.

The Sanctioning Process at the UN

The Security Council is the UN’s primary crisis management institution. Among its several mandates is to respond to crises on a global scale by cutting off economic relations with state and non-state actors. For a sanction resolution to be passed, it needs to be approved by a majority vote of the 15-member council without a veto from any of the five permanent member states: the US, the UK, China, Russia, and France.

Some of the most common types of economic sanctions imposed by the UN are arms embargoes, travel bans, and asset freezes. These sanctions are binding for all member states in the UN and are typically managed by a monitoring group and special committee. Interpol, which is a global police agency, offers assistance to some sanctions committees, especially those involving the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

The United Nations does not have an independent means of enforcing these sanctions. Instead, it relies on member states, most of which do not have adequate resources or political incentive to prosecute cases involving non-compliance. Based on anecdotal evidence, the enforceability of economic sanctions imposed by the UN is often weak.

Before 1990, the Security Council had only imposed economic sanctions against two states: South Africa in 1977 and southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1966. Since then, the UN has imposed sanctions dozens of times targeting actors in intrastate conflict such as those seen in Yugoslavia, Liberia, and Somalia in the 1990s.

Economic sanctions are often divisive despite this apparent cooperation among UN member states. They reflect the competing interests of major world powers. For instance, China and Russia have vetoed several resolutions passed by the UN Security Council since 2011 involving the ongoing conflict in Syria. Many of these resolutions were targeted at President Bashar al-Assad’s regime.

The Sanctions Process in the US

The US uses economic sanctions more than any other country in the world. Sanctions policies stem from either the legislative or executive branches of the government. A sitting president may typically launch the sanctions process by passing an executive order (EO) that institutes a national emergency response to what would often be described as an “extraordinary and unusual” foreign threat. This was seen in EO 13661, which targets the policies and actions taken by the Russian Federation government against Ukraine, as well as EO 12938, to curb the proliferation of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons.

Pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the President has special powers that allow him to regulate and restrict commerce in response to threats against the country for one year unless otherwise extended by the President or terminated by a joint resolution issued by Congress.

Alternatively, the President can issue a new executive order to modify an existing one that imposes economic sanctions.

Since President Jimmy Carter instituted the first executive order imposing economic sanctions against Iran in 1979, more than 50 “state of emergencies” have been declared, most of which are still in effect today. This was before Congress placed restrictions on their duration, limiting them to one year. For its part, Congress may pass laws that impose new sanctions or modify existing ones.

In cases where multiple legal authorities are involved, as is the case with Iran and Cuba, executive and congressional action may be required to lift or modify the restrictions. There have been cases where the two branches of government have clashed on sanctions policies.

One instance of this is when Congress passed a bill that imposed new sanctions on Russia for its role in the 2016 US Presidential Election. President Donald J. Trump reluctantly signed the new legislation, which placed restrictions on his ability to lift these sanctions.

More than 20 of the existing US sanctions against foreign governments and international organizations have been administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which falls under the Treasury Department. Other departments, including Homeland Security, Justice, State, and Commerce, also play an integral role.

For instance, the Secretary of State can designate a particular country as a state sponsor of terrorism or label a particular group a terrorist organization. Both of these designations will result in sanction implications. The State Department also handles travel bans as well.

In 2019 the US imposed comprehensive sanctions on North Korea, Cuba, Iran, Syria, and Sudan. It also instituted more than 10 other sanctions programs targeting organizations and individuals party to specific forms of criminal behavior such as drug trafficking as well as specific types of political crises. OFAC may routinely add and delete entities that feature on its blacklist.

Are Economic Sanctions Legal?

As far as the legality of economic sanctions goes, it’s important to keep in mind that these measures are used as instruments of foreign policy. In principle, an economic sanction against a country or international body aims to address grave human rights violations, promote peace negotiations, or stop the sale of weapons to parties in armed conflicts.

An economic sanction is not considered a legal instrument but rather a political tool. It does, however, need to have a legal basis, meaning its implementation has to follow the proper guidelines as provided for by law or the rules governing the instituting body.

There is very limited (if any) legal recourse that governments or international bodies can pursue against those that sanction them.

Do Economic Sanctions Work?

close up of lock securing blue gate

Legal scholars, practitioners, and other proponents of economic sanctions (particularly those that fall in the realm of targeted sanctions) state that the strategy not only works but is also a necessary tool in foreign policymakers’ arsenal. That said, to evaluate the effectiveness of an economic sanction, it’s important to consider the following:

The Dynamics Surrounding Each Historical Case

An economic sanction that works in one setting may fail in another depending on the specific factors that apply in each case. An economic sanction with a highly targeted objective is generally more likely to work compared to one fuelled by political ambitions.

It’s also important to note that while sanctions may achieve their economic objective, they may not work to spark behavior change. For instance, in 2000 and 2001, when the UN placed sanctions on Afghanistan, it had severe implications on the country but did not succeed in getting the Taliban to hand over Osama Bin Laden.

Sanctions Need to Change Over Time

A great example of how sanctions evolve is the US government regime on Iran. Apart from a brief time in the 80s, the American government has always had existing sanctions on Tehran. These restrictions date back to 1979 when US nationals were held hostage. Since then, the logic and extent of these sanctions have changed dramatically over the last several decades.

The Comparative Utility of Economic Sanctions

Case in point: the economic sanctions on Russia by the US and the EU. While these measures may not have worked to end the current crisis in Ukraine, other strategies, inaction included, may have had worse implications. In some instances, economic sanctions are simply intended as tools to express condemnation.

Responsibilities of Private Corporations During Economic Sanctions

Economic sanctions create an additional layer of regulation. Even if a private corporation isn’t the target of a sanction, the fact that it has been imposed on a third party creates additional obligations. States impose sanctions either through multilateral institutions or unilaterally on threat actors. Based on international and domestic law, private actors are legally obligated to comply with these measures.

While most private-sector corporations understand the importance of economic sanctions with regard to US foreign policy, many firms, particularly those that operate internationally, are unaware of how their multinational activities may leave them vulnerable to sanctions risk.

OFAC has recently taken measures that target a wide range of private companies for committing sanction violations, whether or not they were aware of their existence in the first place.

The days when economic sanctions were the primary concern of large multinational corporations and international banks are long gone.

Today, all businesses, regardless of size and industry, need to familiarize themselves with this new and somewhat complicated risk environment in which they operate. They need to create and implement policies and procedures that minimize their risk exposure while allowing them to meet their legal obligations.

OFAC has undertaken various enforcement activities to bring to light the risks posed to industries that fall beyond the scope of financial services. The US government actively targets shipping and logistics companies that operate internationally for sanctions enforcement.

Out of the 25 actions taken against American corporations between 2019 and 2020, only four of those involved were financial institutions. The rest of the firms fell into the travel, manufacturing, aerospace engineering, construction, and technology sectors.

The Bottom Line

Economic sanctions are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, they can help the US achieve its short-term policy objectives. On the other hand, it could also expose the nation’s financial leverage to risk in the long term.

Some of the best practices policymakers need to adopt when developing sanctions policies include:

  • Developing a well-rounded approach: It involves linking punitive measures such as the threat of military action and sanctions with positive enticement such as the prospect of receiving financial aid.
  • Setting attainable objectives: Sanctions that don’t give the target government any room for recourse, or those whose main goal is regime change, are not likely to have the effect the sanctioning government desires.
  • Building multilateral support: Sanctions that have several governments on board are generally more effective than those imposed by a singular actor, particularly in instances where the target country is economically empowered.
  • Ensuring that the sanctions are credible and flexible: Finally, for an economic sanction to achieve its desired objective, the sanctioned target needs to believe that the situation at hand will improve or get worse depending on whether or not it changes its behavior.

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What Happens if China Invades Taiwan?

Legal AssistantInternational Law

Taiwan, for all intents and purposes, considers itself an independent nation. The island, which is officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), has been governed separately from mainland China since 1949.

On the other hand, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) views Taiwan as a renegade province and considers the region part of its domain. Beijing has vowed to “unify” the island with the PRC and will use force if necessary.

What happens if China invades Taiwan? This article explores everything you need to know about the relations between the two countries.

The PRC vs ROC – Is Taiwan Part of China?

The PRC, also referred to as mainland China, asserts that only “one China” exists and that Taiwan is part of it. According to Beijing, the PRC is the only legitimate Chinese government and abides by the principle of “One China.” It seeks the eventual reintegration of Taiwan into the mainland.

The PRC claims that Taiwan is bound to the PRC through the Consensus of 1992, an agreement that was reached between the Kuomintang (KMT) party, which was Taiwan’s ruling party at the time, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Despite the mutual agreement, the PRC and Taiwan do not agree on the details contained in the so-called Consensus. Taiwan asserts that the contents of the 1992 agreement did not have anything to do with Taiwan’s legal standing.

On the other hand, the PRC contends that the Consensus of 1992 is indicative of an agreement that the territories on both sides of the ChinaTaiwan Strait – mainland China and Taiwan – all belong to one China and that both governments would work together in a quest for national reunification. The KMT interprets this differently, stating that “one China” refers to the ROC and not mainland China.

Taiwan’s constitution, as drafted by the KMT, recognizes China, Taiwan, Tibet, Mongolia, and the South China Sea as part of the ROC. However, in the wake of recent election losses, the party leaders have been in discussions as to whether to change their stance on the 1992 Consensus. KMT leaders have stated that they no longer support Taiwan’s independence, now calling for stronger ties with Beijing.

History of China Taiwan Relations

Over the past few months, Taiwan has seen an alarming increase in Chinese military activity in the country. Whether it is a genuine threat of a looming invasion or a bluff intended to intimidate Taiwan, one thing is for sure – the global community is concerned, especially given the recent events in Ukraine.

Why does China want Taiwan? To understand the history of the tense relations between mainland China and Taiwan, you need to go back in time to where it all began.

The Austronesian people were the first known settlers of Taiwan. This ancient tribe is thought to have originated from what is modern-day Southern China. Based on Chinese historical records, the island first appeared on maps somewhere around AD239 after the ruling emperor sent out an expedition to explore the surrounding area. The PRC frequently uses the findings of this expedition to back its claim on Taiwan.

Taiwan was declared a Dutch colony between 1624 and 1661. In 1683, it became part of the Qing dynasty and was under Chinese rule until 1895.

From the 17th Century, Taiwan experienced an influx in its population after a significant number of migrants started arriving on the island. Mainland China at the time was plagued with hardship and turmoil, which led to the mass exodus out of the country and into Taiwan. The hardest-hit areas were Guangdong and Fujian, which explains why the largest demographic groups on the island are descendants of the Hakka and Hoklo Chinese who hailed from the two provinces.

Japan Takes Control

In the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Qing government ceded Taiwan to Japan. However, after World War II, Japan relinquished control over Taiwan and surrendered it back to China. The ROC, which happened to be one of the victors in the war, began its rule over Taiwan, backed by its western allies, the UK and US.

Over the next few years, China was embroiled in civil wars. Mao Zedong’s communist soldiers beat out the troops of the then leader Chiang Kai-shek. In 1949, Chiang and what remained of his KMT government were exiled to Taiwan. This group then went on to dominate the political scene in Taiwan for several decades.

The local population resented this authoritarian government. When Chiang’s son Chiang Ching-Kuo took over rule from his dictator father, he began to usher in a democracy. The year 2000 saw the election of Taiwan’s first-ever non-KMT leader, President Chen Shui-bian.

Rising Tension

The relations between Taiwan and mainland China began to improve in the 1980s after China proposed a system dubbed “one country, two systems.” Under this arrangement, Taiwan would get a high degree of autonomy contingent on its acceptance of Chinese reunification. This system was implemented in Hong Kong to entice Taiwan into reintegration.

Hong Kong was given back to China in 1997 after more than 15 decades of British control. Although the Special Administrative Region (SAR) is part of China, it enjoys significant autonomy and is run by a chief executive appointed by the PRC government.

Taiwan rejected the offer to establish it as a SAR. It did, however, relax the policies on investment in and visits to China. Additionally, in 1991, it officially declared the war with the PRC over. Beijing insisted that Taiwan’s ROC government is not legitimate and, as such, would never participate in so-called “government-to-government” meetings.

After the election of President Chen Shui-bian in 2000, Beijing was not pleased with this move. President Chen had openly backed the independence of Taiwan, something that did not augur well with mainland China.

A year after his re-election in 2004, the PRC passed an anti-secession law. It stated that if Taiwan ever tried to secede from mainland China, the PRC had the right to use military force against it.

Ma Ying-jeou’s Succession

When President Ma Ying-jeou took office in 2008, he sought to improve the strained relations between the two countries. During his tenure, the economic relations between China and Taiwan were on an upward trajectory.

However, after Tsai Ing-wen was elected to office in 2016 under the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), it became clear that her stance was for Taiwan to eventually gain independence from mainland China and govern itself as a sovereign state.

Shortly after Donald Trump was elected to office in 2016, Tsai reached out to him concerning the 1979 policy that severed the US Taiwan relationship. While there are no formal ties between the two countries, the US made a pledge to supply weapons to Taiwan if China ever invaded the island.

China’s Actions in Hong Kong

people on pedestrian lane in hong kong during night time

China implemented a national security law in Hong Kong. It was seen as Beijing increasing its assertiveness in the region. Hong Kong had always intended to enact a security law. Unfortunately, it was met with widespread resistance, causing mainland China to step in to see to it that the city had a legal framework to address what it termed as a “challenge to its authority.”

The National Security Law

The law, which came into effect on June 30, 2020, exactly 23 years after the British government formally handed over Hong Kong to China, criminalized acts of:

  • Collusion: With any external or foreign forces
  • Secession: Breaking away from mainland China
  • Subversion: Undermining the authority or power of the PRC government
  • Terrorism: The use of intimidation or violence against the people

The newly enacted law essentially gave Beijing the power to influence life in Hong Kong like never before. It curtails freedom of speech and demonstrations, which China says will bring back stability to the region. Some critical provisions of the new legislation include:

  • Anyone convicted of crimes of collusion, secession, subversion, and terrorism faces life imprisonment;
  • Anyone found damaging public infrastructures will be arrested and charged with terrorism;
  • Anyone found guilty of these crimes is not eligible to stand for public office;
  • Companies convicted of any of these crimes will be fined;
  • The PRC would establish a security department in Hong Kong with its own officers, whose operations would not be subject to the local jurisdiction;
  • Some cases related to crimes of collusion, secession, subversion, and terrorism would be tried in the PRC;
  • Hong Kong’s chief executive would have the authority to appoint judges to preside over cases involving national security;
  • Some cases would be tried behind closed doors;
  • Anyone suspected of breaking the national security law can be put under round-the-clock surveillance and wiretapped;
  • The PRC would have the power to decide on the interpretation of the new law;
  • The law would also apply to individuals who are not permanent residents of Hong Kong.

China Military Exercises Taiwan

By the time President Tsai was re-elected to serve a second term in 2020, Hong Kong had experienced months of civil unrest. Protestors demonstrated against China’s growing influence in the region, and Taiwan was watched closely as the events unfolded.

While that was all going on, the US continued to reassure Taiwan of its unwavering support and even sent high-level officials from the State Department to the island. China strongly condemned the meeting and issued a stern warning to the US not to send any misleading signals that could otherwise be misinterpreted as its recognition of Taiwan’s “independence.”

During the visit that was marred with controversy, China conducted live-fire military exercises on the China Taiwan Strait, the waterway that separates the island from mainland China, in what could only be interpreted as a show of strength.

China Warns Taiwan

After Biden’s election into office, his administration issued a statement saying that America’s commitment to Taiwan was “rock solid.” A few days later, Taiwan reported an influx of Chinese military jets into its defensive zone. This military activity went on for a year, with the Pentagon warning that a looming Chinese invasion of Taiwan appeared to be closer than most people think.

With the US’ apparent backing of Taiwan, much to China’s dismay, the question becomes: Does the US recognize Taiwan? Are there countries that do?

The reality is that its legal status remains ambiguous. To mainland China, Taiwan is a renegade province, which it vows to take back using force if that’s what it comes down to. Taiwan leaders assert that it is an independent and sovereign state with its own constitution, armed forces comprising roughly 300,000 troops, and democratically-elected leaders.

When Chiang Kai-shek and his ROC government fled mainland China in 1949, he claimed to represent what is now the PRC and had every intention of re-occupying it when the opportunity presented itself.

The ROC administration even had a seat on the UN Security Council, and many western nations considered it the only legitimate Chinese government. Things changed in 1971 when the UN shifted its diplomatic recognition of ROC to Beijing, forcing the ROC government out.

Since then, there have been only 13 countries that recognize Taiwan, including Belize, Haiti, Guatemala, Holy See (Vatican City), Paraguay, and Honduras. The US maintained its recognition of Taiwan for about three decades after the Chinese civil war but switched in 1979. It has, however, continued to maintain cordial relations with the country.

US Response to Chinese Invasion of Taiwan – What to Expect

On March 9, 2022, the Pentagon stated that the US had learned a lot from the Russian invasion of Ukraine with regard to whether it would come to the defense of Taiwan if China attacked Ukraine. In a statement from the assistant secretary for defense, Pentagon stated that it would deny and deter any form of Chinese aggression toward Taiwan through a combination of Taiwan’s own defense forces, the US, and support from its allies.

The US has made it clear that it will come to the defense of Taiwan should China decide to seize it by force, despite the fact that there’s no existing US Taiwan mutual defense treaty between the two nations. The previous one was effective between the years 1955 and 1980.

While the US explicitly recognizes Taiwan as belonging to China, the US-Taiwan policy is governed by what can only be termed as “strategic ambiguity,” meaning Washington won’t recognize the island’s independence as long as China desists from invading it.

The message is clear. If China seizes Taiwan, the US and its allies will intervene.

How Much Oil Is in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve?

Legal AssistantResources

Anytime you hear someone talking about “oil reserves,” what they’re actually referring to is the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The SPR is the country’s stash of oil located along the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coasts. The SPR’s highest-ever inventory was in December 2009, when it had 726.6 million barrels of crude oil.

With looming fuel shortages expected this summer, experts predict it could be worse than the oil crisis experienced in the 1970s. The question on most people’s minds as nationwide gas prices continue to skyrocket is: How much oil is in the strategic petroleum reserve? Here’s everything you need to know.

Where Is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The SPR is located in four underground salt caverns stretching along the Gulf of Mexico coastline in Louisiana and Texas. It is the world’s biggest supply of emergency crude oil and was created shortly after the 1973-1974 oil embargo as a way to counteract the effect of disruptions in the supply of petroleum products that would otherwise compromise the country’s economic and security position. It was also established to fulfill the country’s obligations under the International Energy Program.

Cumulatively, the authorized storage capacity of the U.S. oil reserves related to the SPR is 714 million barrels of crude oil, although the highest inventory ever held was a whopping 726.6 million in December of 2009.

As of May 27, 2022, the SPR had 526.6 million barrels of crude oil in storage. The sheer volume of the strategic petroleum reserve makes it a major deterrent to oil imports and is a critical tool in shaping foreign policy.

When Can the SPR Release Oil

Pursuant to the provisions of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), crude oil in the strategic reserves can be sold competitively to the world market as the President deems necessary.

This has only happened four times in history, one of which was in June 2011, when then-President Barack Obama directed 30 million barrels of crude oil to be sold to fill in the gap in the energy supply due to the unrest in Libya. The U.S., in conjunction with its International Energy Agency (IEA) partners, cumulatively released 60 million barrels of crude oil in total.

The most recent SPR drawdown was on March 31, 2022, when President Joe Biden directed 1 million barrels of oil to be released to the crude market daily for six months. He said in a statement that the move is supposed to bridge the gap in supply until domestic production picks up toward the end of the year.

EPCA also authorizes the Secretary of Energy to make a limited number of releases with entities outside the Federal Government. With this authority, the SPR can negotiate exchanges where it receives a larger amount of crude oil than what it initially released, resulting in the acquisition of more oil.

With that in mind, below is a summary of the three possible scenarios outlined in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act when crude oil in the SPR can be released.

  1. Full drawdown: The President has the power to direct a full drawdown of the SPR to mitigate a severe interruption of the energy supply. EPCA refers to this as a nationwide “oil and gas supply shortage.”
  2. Limited drawdown: If there’s an existing situation that causes or is likely to cause a significant international or domestic shortage in energy supply over a significant duration, EPCA allows for a limited drawdown of the SPR.
  3. Test sale or exchange: The provisions of EPCA authorize the Secretary of Energy to carry out test drawdowns and crude oil distributions from the SPR. In the case of an exchange, the crude oil needs to be returned to the oil reserve within a designated time frame.

It is worth noting that the maximum drawdown rate per day is 4.4 million barrels for up to 90 days. After that, the rate of release per day declines as the caverns are emptied. For context, a 1-million-barrel per day release rate is sufficient to meet U.S. oil demands continuously for about one and half years.

Oil Reserves by Country

Below is a breakdown of the 10 largest oil reserves in the world based on a 2019 statistical review published by B.P. Keep in mind that the term “oil reserves” as used in this context refers to both the tapped and untapped underground oil deposits.

  1. Venezuela – Approximately 304 billion barrels, accounting for 17.5% of the total global resource.
  2. Saudi Arabia – Approximately 298 billion barrels, accounting for 17.2% of the total global resource.
  3. Canada – Approximately 170 billion barrels, accounting for 9.8% of the total global resource.
  4. Iran – Approximately 156 billion barrels, accounting for 9% of the total global resource.
  5. Iraq – Approximately 145 billion barrels, accounting for 8.4% of the total global resource.
  6. Russia – Approximately 107 billion barrels, accounting for 6.2% of the total global resource.
  7. Kuwait – Approximately 102 billion barrels, accounting for 5.9% of the total global resource.
  8. United Arab Emirates – Approximately 98 billion barrels, accounting for 5.6% of the total global resource.
  9. United States – Approximately 69 billion barrels, accounting for 4% of the total global resource.
  10. Libya – Approximately 48 billion barrels, accounting for 2.8% of the total global resource.

OPEC Oil Reserves

Current estimates indicate that 79.4% of the global oil reserves are situated in OPEC member countries which translates to about 1.19 trillion barrels. OPEC is short for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 64.5% of OPEC oil reserves are located in the Middle East.

OPEC was established to harmonize the petroleum policies of member states and provide them with economic and technical aid. It regulates oil supply in a bid to control the price of petroleum products on the world market. This avoids fluctuations that may negatively impact the respective economies of both the purchasing and producing countries.

OPEC comprises 13 member countries, including:

  • Venezuela
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Nigeria
  • Libya
  • Kuwait
  • IR Iran
  • Iraq
  • Gabon
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Congo
  • Angola
  • Algeria

Qatar and Ecuador both terminated their membership in 2019 and 2020, respectively.

The United States is not a member of OPEC. As a result, it maintains complete control over its supply and production without any external interference.

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zoom class action lawsuit featured image

Is the Zoom Class Action Lawsuit Real?

Legal AssistantConsumer Law, Personal Injury Law

Are you a Zoom user? Have you ever created an account through their website? If you answered yes to either question, you might want to check your mail for something from [email protected].

You may have seen it and thought it was junk mail. Maybe you deleted it. Maybe you just scrolled past it and ignored it. Whatever the case may be, you might have been left wondering: Is the Zoom class action lawsuit real? The short answer is – yes, it is, and you could end up leaving more than $15,000 on the table if you don’t file a Zoom lawsuit claim.

Not sure where to begin? Here’s everything you need to know about the class action suit.

What Is the Zoom Class Action Lawsuit About

In 2021, video conferencing giant, Zoom came under fire when reports emerged that it was sharing users’ private information without their knowledge and that the platform was not end-to-end encrypted as it had purported. Court documents indicate that users’ information was shared with third-party companies, including Google and Facebook, in complete violation of their privacy rights.

If you used Zoom in the period between March 30, 2016, and July 30, 2021, you likely received an email informing you that you may be entitled to a cash payout from the company as part of a class-action suit initiated against it.

The suit alleges that Zoom Video Communications Inc., the conferencing platform, not only shared users’ information with third parties without seeking the requisite permissions but also failed to properly mitigate “Zoombombings,” a phenomenon where hackers would gain unauthorized access to what was supposed to end-to-end encrypted meetings.

Zoom Privacy Litigation

The class-action suit centers on three Zoom privacy issues. According to the lawsuit, the video conferencing application:

  1. Shared certain user information with third parties without users’ knowledge or consent
  2. Should have taken proper measures to prevent Zoombombings by hackers
  3. Falsely advertised its conferencing platform as being end-to-end encrypted when this was, in fact, not the case

Despite these glaring gaps in privacy and security, the company denied any wrongdoing. Zoom further alleges that no member of the class action has suffered any injuries or damages resulting from these allegations.

Zoom Lawsuit Settlement

Rather than let the court decide whether Zoom is culpable for the allegations leveled against it, the company paid $85 million to settle the class-action lawsuit against it. California federal judge Laurel Beeler approved the payout to millions of Zoom users, saying that it was a fair deal for the approximately 150 million members of the class.

Although the settlement was reached on July 31, 2020, it wasn’t until November of the same year that the majority of users learned about the privacy and security issues surrounding the platform and the ensuing lawsuit. This came in the form of an email from the settlement administrator outlining the key highlights of the agreement, who may qualify for compensation, and how to file a Zoom lawsuit claim.

As part of the settlement agreement, Zoom agreed to make several improvements aimed at protecting users’ data and privacy and bolstering the platform’s security. Shortly after, Jason Lee, the chief information security officer of the California-based teleconferencing giant, issued a statement announcing enhancements to the platform. He reiterated the company’s commitment to providing a secure platform that users can trust for online business interactions, information exchange, and personal communication.

How the Settlement Will Be Divided Among Class Members

Details from the settlement agreement indicate that class members who had paid for a Zoom subscription would be entitled to a higher payout. They will receive either 15% of the total amount they paid or $25, whichever is higher. Class members who were not on a paid subscription will be entitled to $15.

The amount available to the class members will be what’s left over after $21.4 million is deducted from the settlement fund. These include:

  • Costs to the class counsel
  • Fees
  • Services charges amounting to $5,000 per plaintiff
  • Settlement administration expenses amounting to $2.8 million
  • Taxes
  • Tax expenses

Plaintiffs’ Legal Rights in the Zoom Class Action Settlement

Below is a brief outline of the legal options available to you in the Zoom settlement.

1. Submit a Claim to Be Eligible for a Cash Payout

To receive the settlement, you need to have completed and submitted a valid claim form by March 5, 2022. No submissions will be accepted after the deadline.

2. Exclude Yourself

To exclude yourself from the settlement, you will need to inform the settlement administrator, letting them know that you wish to “opt out.” You need to submit the exclusion request by March 5, 2022. Requests submitted after this deadline will not be considered.

3. Object to the Settlement

If you have any objections to the proposed settlement, you must have written to the court by March 5, 2022. Objections received after this deadline will not be deemed valid and will, therefore, not be considered.

4. Do Nothing

If you “did nothing,” meaning you did not complete and submit a claim form, you will not be entitled to a cash payment from the settlement fund. Keep in mind that if you do receive a payout from the settlement fund, it effectively means that you’ve relinquished your rights to pursue any Zoom lawsuits in the future for claims released by the settlement.

Current Status of the Zoom Class Action Settlement

The US District Court in California’s Northern District issued the final approval of the lawsuit settlement. Assuming no objections are filed, payouts are slated to begin in July 2022.

The settlement serves as an ever-present reminder that dollars and data, risk and profit are and will continue to be inextricably linked for the foreseeable future. It serves as a cautionary tale for players in the digital space to take a closer look at their data security policies and protection measures. That way, they can avoid succumbing to the same fate that Zoom and other high-profile firms have faced and ensure that users’ information is protected at all costs.

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What’s Behind the InventHelp Lawsuit?

Legal AssistantMass Torts, Personal Injury Law

As a child, Brian Antonelli clung to his mother’s apron anytime she would be in the kitchen whipping up her signature Italian wedding soup. He would help her make it when he got the chance to, and it was always a hit among guests. On her deathbed, he pledged to her that he would do something for her.

His dream had always been to recreate the soup and sell it commercially. “Mama Antonelli’s Ultimate Soups” was born, and the product label had his mother’s name and image. To help turn his dream into a reality, Brian enlisted the help of InventHelp, a company whose mission was to help inventors develop their ideas into commercially-viable products.

Upon meeting with company representatives, Brian alleges that they convinced him to take out a $10,000 loan to go toward paying for the services. Soon after receiving the funds, the company went mum, and they stopped returning his phone calls.

Brian didn’t just lose the chance to sell his soup to prospective companies; he is now in massive debt, and his credit is ruined since he could no longer afford to pay the loan. Brian Antonelli is among hundreds of plaintiffs in a class-action lawsuit filed in federal court. The lawsuit accuses the company of promoting a fraudulent inventing scam that has duped would-be inventors into paying millions of dollars.

What is the InventHelp lawsuit all about? Here’s the low-down on why the Pittsburgh-based company is in deep legal trouble.

What Does InventHelp Do

InventHelp touts itself as a “leading inventor service” that helps aspiring inventors turn their dreams into focus by ensuring they get a patent for their product through various avenues. The company helps individuals package their ideas and get a patent through low-cost patent referral services.

It then shares the idea with the 9,000+ firms in its Data Bank that are always on the lookout for bright new ideas and innovations. These companies sign a confidentiality agreement with InventHelp, allowing them to review inventors’ ideas but not steal them.

How Long Has InventHelp Been Around

InventHelp has been in operation since 1984 and has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, PA. The firm has more than 65 regional offices in different parts of the US and Canada. According to the information provided on the company’s official website, InventHelp invention services include:

  • Invention submission to companies: InventHelp packages individuals’ inventions, prepares product brochures and associated descriptive materials, and submits these materials confidentially to the firms signed up to the InventHelp Data Bank.
  • Company registration in the InventHelp Data Bank: The invention ideas are then submitted to the companies in their respective categories for consideration and feedback.
  • Patent Referrals: InventHelp patent services refer inventors to independent licensed patent attorneys to conduct a preliminary patent search and opinion. Based on the outcome, they may proceed to prepare and file a patent application with the US Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Creation of 3D animation: InventHelp has in-house animation professionals who create virtual invention presentations in the form of computer-generated 3D renderings to highlight the invention’s use and functionality.
  • Virtual Invention Browsing Experience (VIBE): VIBE is a cutting-edge virtual viewing station that lets companies in the Data Bank confidentially view the 3D animations of the invention ideas submitted to them. If they come across innovations of potential interest to them, the VIBE platform allows these companies to request to be contacted for further exploration.
  • Creation of prototype models: InventHelp can generate the prototype model of an invention idea using various materials, including PLA plastic, ABS plastic, and polypropylene (PP) resins. They produce the scaled-down physical representation of the product using computer-aided drawing (CAD) software and Fused Deposition Modeling technology.
  • Submission of publicity releases: InventHelp prepares a publicity release to announce the availability of an invention idea without disclosing functionality details. This public release is then submitted through the PR Newswire network, InventHelp’s online publicity distribution channel. PR Newswire reaches over 3,000 newsrooms, including ABC News, The New York Times, BuzzFeed, etc.

The Case of Etta Calhoun

Among the hundreds of plaintiffs named in the InventHelp class action suit is Etta Calhoun, a resident of Spring, Texas. The soft-spoken woman who was a patient educator at a local healthcare center had an idea for a design: To display Bible verses on pillow slips, bed sheets, and comforters.

Being a devout Christian, Etta wanted to find a way to inspire individuals battling illness with uplifting messages so that it would be the first thing they see when getting into bed. Despite her apparent enthusiasm, she had no idea how to go about getting a patent, building a prototype, or even where she would sell her custom beddings. That was until she came across one of the many cleverly-curated InventHelp TV commercials.

The specific ad she saw featured George Foreman, the Olympic gold medalist and two-time heavyweight boxing champion, and now-turned-ordained Christian minister, marketing the Pittsburgh-based company.

According to Etta, Foreman lending his name to InventHelp gave credence to the company, which was the stamp of approval she needed to reach out to them to help her turn her vision into reality.

InventHelp Scam

In 2012, she called the company, spoke to a representative, and got the ball rolling. Etta states that they tweaked her idea, suggesting that they incorporate an audio recorder into the pillow slip that would play the Bible verses attached to the bedding. She liked it, and since they were the professionals, she believed it elevated the product.

In the six months that followed, Etta had several meetings in various InventHelp locations in The Woodlands and Pearland, Texas, the focus of which was her innovation dubbed “The Word of God Bedding.”

She parted with a total of $200 as a downpayment for the “Basic Information Package Report” worth $780. According to company officials, there was “no other idea like it.” They had seen shawls and blankets with scripture verses on them but no bedding, which meant that they were good to go.

InventHelp required her to pay $9,950 to proceed to the next phase. Since she didn’t have the amount, the company directed her to an independent loan lender – Universal Payment Corporation. A lawsuit filed against InventHelp will determine how “independent” they really are.

InventHelp Lawsuit

empty united states courtroom

Once Etta Calhoun paid the requested amount, she alleges that InventHelp disappeared. All efforts to reach them and get them to deliver on their end of the deal proved futile. Her name is now the lead name on a class-action suit filed in Pennsylvania.

Calhoun and others allege that InventHelp and its associated companies are running a scam operation designed to prey on lower-income individuals, who, in most cases, are minorities. The suit alleges that once InventHelp receives the payment required to progress to the next step of the process, the company either does nothing or delivers subpar work.

A similar class-action suit has been filed in New York State. Plaintiffs in the case allege that the company’s activities are in violation of the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999, the Consumer Protection Act, and the respective states’ unfair trade practices laws. InventHelp also stands accused of breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation, and fraud.

The class-action suits further assert that the few people who launch their products to the market with the company’s help end up spending more money with InventHelp and its holding company – Invention Submission Corporation – than they’ll ever make from the revenue generated from their inventions.

InventHelp also promises to market new innovations to the participating companies in their so-called Data Bank. Investigations into the legitimacy of these firms have revealed that many of them are sham companies or they don’t exist at all. The legitimate ones claim never to have signed any non-disclosure agreements with the inventions company and are in no way affiliated with it.

InventHelp and Invention Submission Corporation’s president Robert J. Susa has been named one of the defendants in the class action suits.

Similar Products on the Market

When Etta first presented her idea to InventHelp, they “changed it up” and assured her that her innovation was one-of-a-kind and that there were no other products on the market like it. Julie Pechersky Plitt, the plaintiffs’ attorney, stated that InventHelp had to modify her idea since:

  1. The law doesn’t allow individuals to patent words, and
  2. The market was flooded with similar products to what Etta was suggesting.

InventHelp has consistently denied all the allegations against it. The company filed motions to dismiss both cases, stating in one of the suits that the plaintiffs were never their clients. Their motions were denied, and the InventHelp lawsuit was given the green light to proceed.

George Foreman, the star of InventHelp TV commercials, has not been named a defendant in any lawsuits against the inventions firm. As a paid spokesman for the business, it is unclear how much insight he had into InventHelp’s inner workings.

Plitt believes that Foreman and his representations were single-handedly responsible for bringing in most of InventHelp’s clients, many of whom paid between $700 and $30,000+ for InventHelp’s services.

A lot of the company’s advertising-and-marketing campaigns were targeted at the African-American population. George Foreman appeals to that demographic, which is why InventHelp uses him in their ads.

African-American communities view him as someone who had an idea and profited immensely from it. They are under the impression that Foreman invented the grill and has made millions of dollars from it, which is, in fact, not the case.

InventHelp Reviews

A quick peek at InventHelp’s website would lead any unsuspecting person to believe they’re looking at a legitimate company running legitimate operations. The site is flooded with dozens of positive reviews from so-called “happy customers” who have profited from InventHelp’s services.

According to plaintiffs’ attorneys, they have uncovered evidence showing that most of the positive InventHelp reviews published on the website are either fake or have been written by newly-acquired customers, completely oblivious of the disappointment that lies ahead. Many of these customers who wrote glowing reviews about the company when they first started out with them are yet to get what they paid for two years down the line.

Yet, with its ubiquitous logo and ads depicting a stone-age man chiseling away at a stone wheel, the company has been in business for close to 40 years. InventHelp is the organizer of the Invention and New Product Exposition (INPEX) – the biggest inventions trade show in the US. Moreover, both InventHelp and Universal Payment Corporation have an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau (BBB).

According to Plitt, the firm has continued to thrive despite being fined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for flouting various regulations. It is not surprising, though. It is up to the attorneys general in individual states across the country to enforce laws designed to govern entities like these.

Outside the InventHelp website are several damning reviews from inventors, all claiming that the company took money from them and failed to deliver on its promises.

InventHelp Responds

The class-action suits filed in Pennsylvania and New York each seek a trial-by-jury, $72 million in compensatory damages, and $36 million in punitive and relief damages. The plaintiffs’ attorneys expect hundreds of aggrieved individuals to sign up for the suit, although they expect that number to run into the thousands.

InventHelp’s attorneys claim that the original lawsuit that was filed in New York was in the name of two individuals who were never clients of the company. They assert that they entered contracts with their competitor company “Invents Company” and not “InventHelp.”

The named plaintiffs that the firm’s attorneys are referring to are Etta Calhoun and Sherry Porter. However, Plitt confirmed that the two individuals signed contracts with InventHelp, and not Invents Company, as they alleged in their response.

Moreover, Plitt’s team has uncovered substantial evidence proving that an undeniable link between the two companies exists. Many of the plaintiffs have stated that they called the 1-800-InventHelp hotline number, only to get a call back from Invents Company representatives in response to their queries.

Are you a victim of the InventHelp scam? Chat online with a Laws101 attorney right now to find out how you can get in on the class-action suit.